HYPONATREMIA

When serum sodium level falls below 120mEq/L
Cause-adrenal insuff.
        Diabetic Ketoacidosis
      portal HT, Liver failure,nephrotic syndrome, malnutrition, water intoxication
C/f : confusion, restlessness
     cerebral oedema> headache,drowsiness, seizure, coma
 acute case-hypotension, circulatory failure

management: water intake restricted if water overloading, renal failure, SIADH. Dont restrict water,if hypoproteinemia.
Expand vol. By iv isonatremic solution
or, WHO ORS if pt. Can drink.

3% hypertonic saline,if acute hyponatremia to raise serum sod.level by 5mg%.  dose 6ml/kg

chronic.case-treat in 48hrs at rate of less than 25mEq/L otherwise central Pontine myelinolysis
sod. Deficit=(desired Na - present Na) multiplied by wt.& 0.6