HEMATURIA

Presence of blood in urine.
CAUSES OF HEMATURIA-
a) RENAL- GLOMERULAR- acute GN, crescentic GN, Alport syndrome, membranoproliferative GN
 RENOVASCULAR- renal vein thrombosis..
b)HEMATOLOGICAL- DIC, thrombocytopenia, sickle cell dis
c) URETERIC, VESICAL- calculi, hemorrhagic cystitis, idiopathic hypercalciuria
d) other- polycystic kidneys, hydronephrosis, birth asphyxia, renal trauma.
$ DIAGNOSTIC EVALVATN-
urine for red cells,red cell cast & protein. No red cells in myoglobinuria or hemoglobinuria.
 Glomerular disease- urine dysmorphic red cells, of dif shapes.signifficant proteinuria &/ or red cell cast. Hypercalciuria excluded.
Plain x-ray or usg of abdo to exclude renal & urinary tract anomalies & calculi.
Renal biopsy- indicatn
 hematuria a/w persistent or heavy proteinuria, h/o renal disease in family or evidence of chr. renal disease
Renal pelvis / lower urinary tract, red cells maintain normal physiology.