Proteinuria

Proteinuria
Small amount of protein is filtered    but the factors preventing proteinuria are -       1 reabsorption by  proximal tubules     2 capillary walls       3 anionic charge      along membrane     protein concentration of 100-1000mg/m-m /day -mild to moderate  . >1000heavy              causes:) mild transient =fever, dehydration ,heavy exercise
mild urinary  tract infection hydronephrosis,renal TB.heavy proteinuria in glomerular disease.                       Important causes :) 1 orthostatic proteinuria  2  chronic glomerular   disease 3  reflux nephropathy 4 renal hypoplasia      how to measure :-  protein to creatinine ratio in first morning urine specimen is below 0.1 mg/dl a ratio of  0.1-1 indicates mild to moderate and >1 indicates heavy proteinuria   chronic renal damage from vesicoureteric reflux,UTI manifest as proteinuria then glomerulosclerosis  may cause persistent asymptomatic proteinuria hematuria present  for diagnosis renal  biopsy indicated and long term observation of renal function .       ?